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Weapons of OoT
This article explores the differences in hitting power between the various weapons in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
Swords
The smallest amount of damage that it is possible to do in this game is a standard B slash by the Kokiri Sword. So we call this 1HP and express everything else in terms of it.
The Master Sword does twice as much damage as the Kokiri Sword (2HP).
Biggoron's Sword does twice as much damage as the Master Sword (4HP).
Other weapons
The Megaton Hammer deals as much damage as the Master Sword.
The Deku Stick deals as much damage as the Master Sword. Since young Link alone wields the Deku Stick, this is the most powerful weapon young Link can use and is hence extremely precious. More so, since they break on impact.
The following all do 1HP damage on a successful hit: the Fairy Slingshot, the Fairy Boomerang.
The following all do 2HP damage on a successful hit: the Hookshot, the Longshot, Bombs, Bombchus, Din's Fire, Arrows, Fire Arrows, Light Arrows.
Techniques
Jumping attacks do twice as much damage as regular attacks with the same weapon. A jumping attack with Biggoron's Sword, for example, does 8 damage in one hit and (along with a supercharged spin attack with the same sword) is the most powerful attack in the game.
A quick spin attack or a regular (blue) charged spin does the regular amount of damage to anything it connects with. Obviously, however, it can connect with many enemies at once; it can even connect with the same enemy TWICE if it is large enough and you're standing close to it, for example, a boss.
A supercharged spin attack (orange) does twice as much damage as the regular spin attack, and has a larger blast radius.
A crouching stab does as much damage as your previous attack. This is extremely powerful: see Power Crouch Stab.